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Sterilizer

/ˈstɛr.ə.laɪ.zər/noun
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A sterilizer is a device, chemical, or process that completely eliminates all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, and spores, to ensure absolute cleanliness. In today's world, it's crucial for preventing infections in healthcare settings and maintaining hygiene in everyday items like baby bottles, but it differs from disinfection by aiming for total sterility rather than just reducing microbes.

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The invention of the pressure cooker-inspired autoclave sterilizer in 1879 by French microbiologist Charles Chamberland, a student of Louis Pasteur, dramatically cut surgical infection rates from about 50% to under 5% in hospitals, saving countless lives and paving the way for modern surgery.

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